一片牛肋骨，中间剔出一条舌。31756e8173 805ed1a670
绳子没有留下来。51e2c7d3b8
声音也没有。
这是一句『没有』：我们读过的文章都没有写它的音高，也没有录音可指，取不了票。你听到的那一声是合成的。
6 × □ Hz
这一屏是摆出来的：绳是虚的，声是合成的 ⌄
摆出来的 ⌄
按住那根虚线。上下挪，换口型。
声关着。右下角开。
这一件没有舌，这里不让它响。
绳 · 推测
按住
1 cm
约原大
正面
侧面
这一屏是摆出来的：形是照文章的照片描的，只描了外形、簧舌、舌缝和孔，面上的刮痕没有描；照片没有比例尺，大小按文章写的全长定；侧面是照侧面的照片和文章写的厚度画的，弯多少是估的；颜色不是它的，是这个站写字用的颜色；绳没有留下来，那根虚线是照文章的推测画的，往哪边扯、有多长，是摆的；嘴没有画，你的手上下挪，顶的是口型；声音是合成的，基音 147 赫是我们挑的，原物的音高是 □；簧舌颤多宽，是画给眼睛看的；手机上标着「约原大」的时候，按每厘米 60 像素摆，各家屏幕略有出入。
这一屏是摆出来的：形是照文章的照片描的，只描了外形和孔；照片没有比例尺，大小按文章写的全长定；颜色不是它的，是这个站写字用的颜色；绳没有留下来，那根虚线是照文章的推测画的，往哪边扯、有多长，是摆的；这一件的簧舌没有了，这里不让它响；手机上标着「约原大」的时候，按每厘米 60 像素摆，各家屏幕略有出入。
这一屏是摆出来的：形是照文章的照片描的，只描了外形、簧舌、舌缝和孔，面上的刮痕没有描；照片没有比例尺，大小按文章写的全长定；侧面是照侧面的照片和文章写的厚度画的，弯多少是估的；颜色不是它的，是这个站写字用的颜色；绳没有留下来，那根虚线是照文章的推测画的，往哪边扯、有多长，是摆的；嘴没有画，你的手上下挪，顶的是口型；声音是合成的，基音 147 赫是我们挑的，原物的音高是 □；这一件和 7.9 厘米那件用的是同一个声音，各自多高都是 □；簧舌颤多宽，是画给眼睛看的；手机上标着「约原大」的时候，按每厘米 60 像素摆，各家屏幕略有出入。
这一屏是摆出来的：形是照文章的照片描的，只描了外形、锯齿和孔；照片没有比例尺，大小按文章写的残长定；颜色不是它的，是这个站写字用的颜色；绳没有留下来，那根虚线是照文章的推测画的，往哪边扯、有多长，是摆的；这一件的簧舌没有了，这里不让它响；手机上标着「约原大」的时候，按每厘米 60 像素摆，各家屏幕略有出入。
这一屏是摆出来的：形是照文章的照片描的，只描了外形、孔、残存的簧舌和刻纹；照片没有比例尺，大小按文章写的残长定；颜色不是它的，是这个站写字用的颜色；绳没有留下来，那根虚线是照文章的推测画的，往哪边扯、有多长，是摆的；这一件的簧舌尖没有了，这里不让它响；手机上标着「约原大」的时候，按每厘米 60 像素摆，各家屏幕略有出入。
换一件：{label}
完整 · 7.9
无舌 · 8.7
完整 · 8.7
锯齿 · 残 6.3
刻纹 · 残 7.4
绳：按住发声
看签 ⌄
收起 ⌃
獾子畔1段④：1 · 完整 · 长 7.9 厘米78de59bd37 c18affa141
口簧 · 獾子畔1段④：1 · 骨质 · 长 7.9、宽 1.1、厚 0.1 厘米78de59bd37 31756e8173 c18affa141
完整。簧舌剔在簧框中央，弧出框外，舌根与舌尖等宽；簧框两端有对称的亚腰形凹槽，首端钻孔；素面78de59bd37 805ed1a670 c18affa141
形据文章图五、图六的照片 · 照片无比例尺，大小按全长定 · 侧面的弧度为估c18affa141
獾子畔1段⑤：1 · 簧舌残失 · 长 8.7 厘米c240324634 6b9164ea35 1a14e37bb8
口簧 · 獾子畔1段⑤：1 · 骨质 · 长 8.7、宽 1.6、厚 0.08 厘米c240324634 31756e8173 1a14e37bb8
簧舌残失。簧框两端有对称的亚腰形凹槽，两侧框缘微微内曲，首端钻孔；素面6b9164ea35
形据文章图九的照片 · 照片无比例尺，大小按全长定d4566c8516
獾子畔1段④：2 · 完整 · 长 8.7 厘米f4ea1606e8 66d7a01268
口簧 · 獾子畔1段④：2 · 骨质 · 长 8.7、宽 1.2、厚 0.08 厘米f4ea1606e8 31756e8173 66d7a01268
完整。舌根窄于舌尖；框首有亚腰形凹槽，槽中偏下对钻小孔；素面66d7a01268
形据文章图七的照片和它的侧面照片 · 照片无比例尺，大小按全长定 · 侧面的弧度为估5b632b365e
獾子畔4段④：1 · 簧舌无存 · 残长 6.3 厘米1253c4b5ad 5a1fc1be19 0159696e5d
口簧 · 獾子畔4段④：1 · 骨质 · 残长 6.3、宽 1.1、厚 0.1 厘米1253c4b5ad 31756e8173 0159696e5d
残存簧框，簧舌无存；两侧缘有锯齿状豁口5a1fc1be19
形据文章图一〇的照片 · 照片无比例尺，大小按残长定35f7588464
獾子畔3段④：1 · 阴刻交叉三角 · 残长 7.4 厘米2295f65153 a82d643068 1b1fe6178b
口簧 · 獾子畔3段④：1 · 骨质 · 残长 7.4、宽 1.5、厚 0.07 厘米2295f65153 31756e8173 1b1fe6178b
簧尾和簧舌尖残失；框首顶端钻三个小孔，呈「品」字形分布；凹槽延伸处另有钻孔，孔内可见拉振绳子磨出的痕迹；簧框一面阴刻交叉三角72568b8b08 a82d643068
形据文章图一三的照片 · 照片无比例尺，大小按残长定f0d1826c84
2017 到 2018 年，考古工作者发掘皇城台的门址和东北部护墙时，发现了一批骨质的口簧，还有和制作它们有关的遗物。1bc018ac3f 1084e15393
一共 21 件。0c6797f3cc
19 件是筛出来的：发掘者把东护墙北段上部的弃置堆积全部过了筛，再从大量的兽骨和骨器里反复拣选。4ba099c252 6ccbb202a8
这 19 件里，完好的只有 2 件，多数只剩簧框。308673881a
这一段墙已经发掘的上部，总长超过 120 米；19 件里有 12 件出在第 4 段。d9cd06e2f1 3d200dd893
另外 2 件残件，出在皇城台门址的北侧。53a40c2eb7
文章说，口簧体小轻薄，不易辨识。6170acf27f
口簧都是骨质的，窄长方形的薄片，用牛的肋骨磨成。31756e8173
一件有四样：簧框、簧舌、穿孔、拉绳；拉绳都没有保存下来。51e2c7d3b8
大小在长 8 到 9 厘米、宽 1 厘米、厚 0.1 厘米上下。8fafd5c908
簧舌在簧框中央，舌根连着框首。88e45e1e39
簧框长边的两端，多数对称地切出亚腰形的缺口；框首刻一个小圆孔，用来穿绳。09b29dd655
多数是素面，个别在簧框外缘刻出锯齿状的装饰。324e6c9b32
上面那一屏先摆的一件，是完整的。78de59bd37
它长 7.9、宽 1.1、厚 0.1 厘米；簧舌弧出框外，舌根和舌尖一样宽，看得见纵向剔刻的痕迹。c18affa141 805ed1a670
文章说，它不是拨簧片出声的，而是扯动线绳，带动簧片振动，再靠口腔配合成音。f76a66728e
凭据是框首圆孔外缘的磨痕，文章认为是拉振绳子磨出来的。e97bbdd37e
文章复原的奏法：一只手的拇指、食指轻捏框尾，把口簧贴近嘴唇虚含；另一只手扯动线绳，振动簧框，簧框带着簧舌在舌窗里前后振动；再靠口型、口腔共鸣和舌位的变化出音。59dd23e6bf b477210f9e
文章还推测，奏的时候弧背朝外。a5591b6dc5
文章写它的声音，用的是「呷呷」「嗡嗡」。b477210f9e
又说口簧发音微弱：奏的人要在幽静的地方才能静心取音，听的人要离得很近才听得到。65535148ba c6bc32db21
我们读过的文章，没有一句写它的音高。
这是一句『没有』：我们读过的文章都没有写它的音高，取不了票。
上面那一屏的声音是合成的，基音是我们挑的。
和口簧一起出土的，还有一些窄长条形、带弧度的磨制骨片，比成品略厚、略宽。fc0b28231c
有的骨片上看得出切割和剔刻的痕迹。2844708f31
文章由此认为，口簧是在皇城台上做的，也许和台顶可能存在的制骨作坊有关。585797cc54
文章排出的工序是：备料选料，切磨成型，剔刻簧舌，钻孔，细加工，穿绳测音。a4221db3e2
有的标本上，框端的小孔打破了刻槽；文章据此判断，孔是在剔出簧舌以后钻的。73c5be8404
文章认为，出土的这些，多数可能是用的时候簧舌或簧框断了、被丢掉的残件。5119e4c4a8
东护墙北段外侧的堆积，是这道墙使用期间或废弃以后形成的斜向弃置堆积；口簧主要出在这里面，第⑤层只见 1 件。0c7ea89ef7 6a2a48df09
同一层位的兽骨，经牛津大学测年，年代是公元前 2135～1941 年（校正年代）。86c8f906e3
文章认为，口簧的年代在公元前 2000 年前后的龙山时代晚期。898fb9625a
另一篇文章不同意：它指出，前一篇没有说明那些兽骨出自哪一层。443b7090ab
它从共存的陶器判断，这些口簧应晚于公元前 1900 年，而不是公元前 2000 年前后。ca6e4b0f17 52b5d5ce5d
发掘简报说，石峁的口簧是世界范围内年代最早的口簧实物。8caa2cb725
文章进一步提出：中国北方的河套地区，造出了世界上最早的自体绳振簧。603ab33fee
另一篇文章举出陶寺：那里的一口水井里也出过一件口簧，原报告叫它「骨发卡」。c34971c8cf
陶寺那件的年代，两篇文章凭的东西不一样：前一篇说，和它同出的陶器是陶寺晚期的典型器物，绝对年代约为公元前 1900 年；后一篇引的是同一口井里出土的木炭，测得公元前 2140～1946 年，并说这和石峁那批兽骨的数据基本一致。c34971c8cf 494da252bb b1f2140d22 3d3c025b05
文章认为，皇城台出的口簧，可能被赋予了沟通人神、祭祀先祖的功能。aef3add501
它把口簧和皇城台出土的骨笛、骨管哨、陶球哨放在一起看。b40ef0b482
发掘简报说，这些口簧就是先秦文献里记的那种乐器。58089380cc
这一章用到的文献。
11 页 · 本章 56 句用了它
6 页 · 本章 4 句用了它
考古与文物 2020年第4期
10 页 · 本章 2 句用了它
这一章还不知道的事。
我们读过的文章没有写。
这是一句『没有』：我们读过的文章都没有写它的音高，取不了票。
记于 2026-11-15
文章写它的声音，只用了「呷呷」「嗡嗡」。b477210f9e
记于 2026-11-15
拉绳都没有保存下来。51e2c7d3b8
记于 2026-11-15
两种说法：公元前 2000 年前后；公元前 1900 年以后。898fb9625a 52b5d5ce5d
记于 2026-11-15
发掘简报说是；陶寺也出过一件，两篇文章给它的年代不同：一篇凭同出的陶器，一篇凭同一口井里的木炭。8caa2cb725 c34971c8cf 494da252bb b1f2140d22
记于 2026-11-15
出土 21 件，完好的 2 件。0c6797f3cc 308673881a
记于 2026-11-15
A thin slip of ox rib, with a tongue cut free down the middle.31756e8173 805ed1a670
The cord has not survived.51e2c7d3b8
Neither has the sound.
This is a statement of absence: nothing we have read gives its pitch, and there is no recording to point to, so there is no ticket to take. The sound you hear is synthesized.
6 × □ Hz
Staged: the cord is conjecture, the sound synthesized ⌄
Staged ⌄
Press and hold the dashed line. Move up or down to change the shape of the mouth.
Sound is off. Turn it on at lower right.
This one has no tongue; here it stays silent.
cord · conjecture
press and hold
1 cm
about life-size
front
side
Staged: the shape is traced from the article's photographs: outline, tongue, slit and hole only, not the scratches on its face; the photographs carry no scale, so the size is set from the length the article gives; the side view is drawn from the side photograph and the thickness the article gives, and how far it curves is estimated; the colour is not the object's but the one this site writes in; the cord has not survived, the dashed line follows the article's inference, and which way it runs and how long it is are our staging; no mouth is drawn, and your hand moving up and down stands in for its shape; the sound is synthesized, its 147 Hz fundamental is our choice, and the pitch of the original is □; how far the tongue swings is drawn for the eye; where a phone shows “about life-size”, the object is set at 60 pixels to the centimetre, and screens differ a little.
Staged: the shape is traced from the article's photograph, outline and hole only; the photograph carries no scale, so the size is set from the length the article gives; the colour is not the object's but the one this site writes in; the cord has not survived, the dashed line follows the article's inference, and which way it runs and how long it is are our staging; this piece has lost its tongue, and here it stays silent; where a phone shows “about life-size”, the object is set at 60 pixels to the centimetre, and screens differ a little.
Staged: the shape is traced from the article's photographs: outline, tongue, slit and hole only, not the scratches on its face; the photographs carry no scale, so the size is set from the length the article gives; the side view is drawn from the side photograph and the thickness the article gives, and how far it curves is estimated; the colour is not the object's but the one this site writes in; the cord has not survived, the dashed line follows the article's inference, and which way it runs and how long it is are our staging; no mouth is drawn, and your hand moving up and down stands in for its shape; the sound is synthesized, its 147 Hz fundamental is our choice, and the pitch of the original is □; this piece and the 7.9 cm one are given the same sound, and the pitch of each is □; how far the tongue swings is drawn for the eye; where a phone shows “about life-size”, the object is set at 60 pixels to the centimetre, and screens differ a little.
Staged: the shape is traced from the article's photograph, outline, saw-teeth and hole only; the photograph carries no scale, so the size is set from the surviving length the article gives; the colour is not the object's but the one this site writes in; the cord has not survived, the dashed line follows the article's inference, and which way it runs and how long it is are our staging; this piece has lost its tongue, and here it stays silent; where a phone shows “about life-size”, the object is set at 60 pixels to the centimetre, and screens differ a little.
Staged: the shape is traced from the article's photograph, outline, holes, what is left of the tongue, and the incised lines only; the photograph carries no scale, so the size is set from the surviving length the article gives; the colour is not the object's but the one this site writes in; the cord has not survived, the dashed line follows the article's inference, and which way it runs and how long it is are our staging; this piece has lost the tip of its tongue, and here it stays silent; where a phone shows “about life-size”, the object is set at 60 pixels to the centimetre, and screens differ a little.
Next piece: {label}
complete · 7.9
no tongue · 8.7
complete · 8.7
saw-toothed · 6.3, broken
incised · 7.4, broken
The cord: press and hold to sound
label ⌄
close ⌃
獾子畔1段④：1 · complete · 7.9 cm long78de59bd37 c18affa141
Jaw harp · specimen 獾子畔1段④：1 · bone · 7.9 cm long, 1.1 cm wide, 0.1 cm thick78de59bd37 31756e8173 c18affa141
Complete. The tongue is cut in the middle of the frame and bows out of it, as wide at the root as at the tip; matching waisted notches at both ends of the frame, a hole drilled at the head; undecorated78de59bd37 805ed1a670 c18affa141
Shape after the article's photographs, figs. 5 and 6 · no scale in the photographs; size set from the stated length · curve of the side view estimatedc18affa141
獾子畔1段⑤：1 · tongue lost · 8.7 cm longc240324634 6b9164ea35 1a14e37bb8
Jaw harp · specimen 獾子畔1段⑤：1 · bone · 8.7 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, 0.08 cm thickc240324634 31756e8173 1a14e37bb8
Tongue lost. Matching waisted notches at both ends of the frame, its long sides curving slightly inward, a hole drilled at the head; undecorated6b9164ea35
Shape after the article's photograph, fig. 9 · no scale in the photograph; size set from the stated lengthd4566c8516
獾子畔1段④：2 · complete · 8.7 cm longf4ea1606e8 66d7a01268
Jaw harp · specimen 獾子畔1段④：2 · bone · 8.7 cm long, 1.2 cm wide, 0.08 cm thickf4ea1606e8 31756e8173 66d7a01268
Complete. The tongue is narrower at the root than at the tip; a waisted notch at the head of the frame, with a small hole drilled from both faces low in the notch; undecorated66d7a01268
Shape after the article's photograph, fig. 7, and its companion side view · no scale in the photographs; size set from the stated length · curve of the side view estimated5b632b365e
獾子畔4段④：1 · tongue gone · 6.3 cm, broken1253c4b5ad 5a1fc1be19 0159696e5d
Jaw harp · specimen 獾子畔4段④：1 · bone · 6.3 cm long as it survives, 1.1 cm wide, 0.1 cm thick1253c4b5ad 31756e8173 0159696e5d
Only the frame survives, the tongue gone; saw-tooth notches along both long edges5a1fc1be19
Shape after the article's photograph, fig. 10 · no scale in the photograph; size set from the stated length as it survives35f7588464
獾子畔3段④：1 · incised triangles · 7.4 cm, broken2295f65153 a82d643068 1b1fe6178b
Jaw harp · specimen 獾子畔3段④：1 · bone · 7.4 cm long as it survives, 1.5 cm wide, 0.07 cm thick2295f65153 31756e8173 1b1fe6178b
Tail of the frame and tip of the tongue lost; three small holes drilled at the top of the head, set in a triangle; further holes where the notches run on, with wear inside left by a cord pulled outward; crossed triangles incised on one face of the frame72568b8b08 a82d643068
Shape after the article's photograph, fig. 13 · no scale in the photograph; size set from the stated length as it survivesf0d1826c84
In 2017 and 2018, while excavating the gate of Huangchengtai 皇城台 and the revetment on its north-east side, archaeologists found a group of jaw harps made of bone, together with debris from their making.1bc018ac3f 1084e15393
Twenty-one in all.0c6797f3cc
Nineteen were recovered by sieving: the excavators screened all of the refuse dumped along the upper part of the east revetment's northern stretch, then picked through a mass of animal bone and bone tools again and again.4ba099c252 6ccbb202a8
Of those nineteen, only two are intact; of most, only the frame is left.308673881a
More than 120 m of the upper part of this stretch has been excavated; twelve of the nineteen came from its section 4.d9cd06e2f1 3d200dd893
The other two, both fragments, were found on the north side of Huangchengtai's gate.53a40c2eb7
A jaw harp, the article notes, is small, light and thin, and hard to recognise.6170acf27f
All are bone: thin, narrow rectangular slips ground from the ribs of cattle.31756e8173
Each has four parts: frame, tongue, hole and pull-cord; none of the cords survives.51e2c7d3b8
They run to about 8–9 cm long, 1 cm wide and 0.1 cm thick.8fafd5c908
The tongue lies in the middle of the frame, joined to it at the head.88e45e1e39
On most, matching waisted notches are cut into both ends of the frame's long sides, and a small round hole at the head takes the cord.09b29dd655
Most are plain; a few have a saw-tooth edge cut into the frame.324e6c9b32
The one staged first on the screen above is complete.78de59bd37
It is 7.9 cm long, 1.1 cm wide and 0.1 cm thick; its tongue bows out of the frame, as wide at the root as at the tip, and the lengthwise marks of its cutting still show.c18affa141 805ed1a670
The article holds that it was not sounded by plucking the tongue: a cord was pulled, the pull set the reed vibrating, and the mouth shaped the sound.f76a66728e
Its evidence is wear around the outer edge of the hole at the head, which it reads as left by a cord being pulled.e97bbdd37e
The way of playing the article reconstructs: thumb and forefinger of one hand lightly hold the tail of the frame and bring the harp to the lips, which close on it only loosely; the other hand pulls the cord and shakes the frame, and the frame sets the tongue swinging back and forth through its window; the shape of the mouth, its resonance and the position of the player's tongue then make the notes.59dd23e6bf b477210f9e
It also infers that the harp was played with its curved back facing outward.a5591b6dc5
For the sound itself the article uses two sound-words, 呷呷 and 嗡嗡.b477210f9e
It calls the sound faint: the player needs a quiet place to find the notes, and a listener must be very close to hear them.65535148ba c6bc32db21
Nothing we have read gives its pitch.
This is a statement of absence: nothing we have read gives its pitch, so there is no ticket to take.
The sound on the screen above is synthesized, and its fundamental is our choice.
Found with the harps were ground slips of bone, long, narrow and slightly curved, a little thicker and wider than a finished harp.fc0b28231c
Some of them bear marks of cutting and incising.2844708f31
From this the article infers that the harps were made on Huangchengtai, perhaps in connection with a bone workshop that may have stood on its top.585797cc54
The sequence it sets out: choosing and preparing the bone, cutting and grinding it to shape, cutting out the tongue, drilling the hole, finishing, then threading the cord and testing the sound.a4221db3e2
On a few pieces the hole at the end of the frame cuts through the incised groove, from which the article judges that the hole was drilled after the tongue was cut.73c5be8404
Most of those found, the article suggests, are pieces thrown away after the tongue or the frame snapped in use.5119e4c4a8
The deposit outside the northern stretch of the east revetment is a sloping dump, formed while the wall was in use or after it was abandoned; most of the harps came from it, and only one from its layer ⑤.0c7ea89ef7 6a2a48df09
Animal bone from the same layer as the harps, dated at Oxford, gave 2135–1941 BCE (calibrated).86c8f906e3
The article puts the harps around 2000 BCE, in the late Longshan period.898fb9625a
A second article disagrees: it points out that the first does not say which layer that animal bone came from.443b7090ab
Judging by the pottery found with them, it dates the harps later than 1900 BCE, and not around 2000 BCE.ca6e4b0f17 52b5d5ce5d
The excavation report calls the Shimao harps the earliest jaw harps yet found anywhere in the world.8caa2cb725
The article goes further: the Hetao region of northern China, it proposes, made the world's earliest jaw harps cut from one piece and sounded by a cord.603ab33fee
The second article points to Taosi 陶寺, where a jaw harp was also found, in a well; the original report had called it a bone hairpin.c34971c8cf
For the Taosi piece the two articles rest on different things. The first says the pottery found with it is typical of late Taosi, with an absolute date of about 1900 BCE; the second cites charcoal from the same well, dated to 2140–1946 BCE, and says this essentially matches the dates from the Shimao animal bone.c34971c8cf 494da252bb b1f2140d22 3d3c025b05
The article suggests that the harps from Huangchengtai may have been given a part in reaching the gods and in rites for the ancestors.aef3add501
It sets them beside other things found on Huangchengtai: bone flutes, bone tube whistles and pottery ball whistles.b40ef0b482
The excavation report identifies them with an instrument recorded in pre-Qin texts.58089380cc
The sources this chapter draws on.
our gloss: A Study of the Jaw Harps Unearthed at the Shimao Site, Shenmu, Shaanxi
11 pp. · used in 56 sentences here
our gloss: The Question of the Date of the Jaw Harps Unearthed at the Shimao Site, with a Note on the Phasing of the Shimao Site
6 pp. · used in 4 sentences here
考古与文物 2020年第4期
□
10 pp. · used in 2 sentences here
What this chapter does not know.
Nothing we have read says.
This is a statement of absence: nothing we have read gives its pitch, so there is no ticket to take.
recorded 2026-11-15
For its sound the article offers only two sound-words, 呷呷 and 嗡嗡.b477210f9e
recorded 2026-11-15
None of the cords survives.51e2c7d3b8
recorded 2026-11-15
Two views: around 2000 BCE; later than 1900 BCE.898fb9625a 52b5d5ce5d
recorded 2026-11-15
The excavation report says so; Taosi has one too, and the two articles date it differently, one by the pottery found with it, the other by charcoal from the same well.8caa2cb725 c34971c8cf 494da252bb b1f2140d22
recorded 2026-11-15
Twenty-one found; two intact.0c6797f3cc 308673881a
recorded 2026-11-15